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PCOS presents differently in every woman. Some experience only mild symptoms, while others find the condition has a profound impact on their daily life, relationships, and mental wellbeing. Common symptoms include:
It is also worth noting that some women with PCOS have no obvious symptoms at all and are only diagnosed when they have difficulty conceiving or during a routine ultrasound scan.
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but several factors are known to play a role:
Insulin Resistance
Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning the body does not respond to insulin effectively. This causes the body to produce more insulin, which in turn stimulates the ovaries to produce excess androgens — worsening hormonal imbalance and contributing to weight gain.
Hormonal Imbalance
Elevated levels of androgens such as testosterone disrupt the normal hormonal cycle, preventing eggs from developing and being released properly. This leads to irregular or absent periods and can significantly affect fertility.
Genetics
PCOS tends to run in families, suggesting a strong genetic component. If your mother or sister has PCOS, you may be at a higher risk of developing the condition yourself.
Chronic Inflammation
Some research suggests that low-grade chronic inflammation may stimulate the ovaries to produce excess androgens, further contributing to the development and progression of PCOS.
There is no single definitive test for PCOS. Diagnosis is typically made using the Rotterdam Criteria, which requires at least two of the following three features to be present:
At Gynaeaesthetics London, your consultation with Mr Mohammad Masood will include a comprehensive review of your symptoms and medical history, alongside the following investigations where appropriate:
Many women find that receiving a clear, confirmed diagnosis — after months or years of uncertainty — is itself a significant and empowering first step.
While there is currently no cure for PCOS, the condition is highly manageable with the right personalised treatment plan. At Gynaeaesthetics London, treatment is always tailored to your specific symptoms, circumstances, and goals — whether that is regulating your periods, managing weight, reducing excess hair, or improving your fertility.
Lifestyle Modifications
For many women with PCOS — particularly those with insulin resistance — targeted lifestyle changes can make a significant difference. Even a modest reduction in weight of 5 to 10 percent can help regulate periods, improve hormone levels, and boost fertility. A balanced diet low in refined carbohydrates combined with regular physical activity forms the foundation of long-term PCOS management.
The Combined Contraceptive Pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill is commonly prescribed to regulate periods, reduce androgen levels, and improve symptoms such as acne and excess hair growth. It is an effective option for women who are not currently trying to conceive.
Metformin
Metformin is a medication that improves the body’s sensitivity to insulin and is widely used in the management of PCOS. It can help regulate periods, support weight management, and improve fertility in women with insulin resistance.
Treatments for Excess Hair & Acne
Medications that reduce the effects of androgens — such as spironolactone — can help address excess hair growth and persistent acne. These may be used alongside topical treatments and other skincare approaches tailored to your needs.
Ovulation Induction for Fertility
For women with PCOS who are trying to conceive, ovulation induction using medications to stimulate the release of an egg is often the first line of treatment. Mr Masood will assess your individual fertility picture and recommend the most appropriate next steps.
Long-Term Health Monitoring
Women with PCOS have a higher risk of developing certain long-term health conditions including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and endometrial cancer. Regular monitoring and a proactive management approach can significantly reduce these risks and protect your long-term health.
It is important to acknowledge that PCOS is not just a physical condition. Symptoms such as weight gain, excess hair, acne, irregular periods, and fertility difficulties can have a profound impact on a woman’s mental health, self-esteem, body image, and relationships.
Many women with PCOS experience anxiety, low mood, and feelings of frustration or isolation — particularly when they feel their symptoms have not been taken seriously. At Gynaeaesthetics London, we take every aspect of your wellbeing seriously, and we are here to support you both physically and emotionally throughout your treatment journey.
There is currently no cure for PCOS, but with the right treatment plan the condition is highly manageable. Many women with PCOS go on to live healthy, fulfilling lives and conceive naturally or with minimal assistance.
PCOS is one of the most common causes of fertility difficulties in women, primarily because it can prevent regular ovulation. However, with appropriate treatment, many women with PCOS are able to conceive successfully.
PCOS is a lifelong condition, but symptoms can change significantly over time — particularly after pregnancy or around menopause. Many women find their symptoms improve with age and the right management plan.
Women with PCOS — particularly those with insulin resistance — have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and a healthy lifestyle are important parts of long-term PCOS management.
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